Mar 13, 2011· On mines where large amounts of refrigeration are required underground at depths greater than 2,500 m, the costs of circulating the chilled water can justify replacing it with ice. When the latent heat of fusion of the ice is taken into account, the cooling capacity of each 1.0 l/s is increased approximately fourfold, thus reducing the mass of
Jan 01, 1984· Various methods for reducing the amount of cooling water circulated underground in mines has also been looked at. These requirements have led to several developments such as cooling of the ventilation air on surface, the use of energy recovery devices, refrigeration machines for producing water close to 0°C and currently consideration is being
Chapter 18 Refrigeration Plant and Mine Air Conditioning Systems Malcolm J. McPherson 18- 2 18.1. INTRODUCTION One of the earliest methods of temperature control in underground mines was the importation of naturally produced ice from the surface. Blocks of
Development and testing of an underground remote refrigeration plant D.J. STANTON Mining Services Consultant, Anglo Platinun The objective of this study was to develop, install, and test a small underground mobile refrigeration plant (MRP) to deal with some of the real problems associated with mine cooling in an operating mine.
underground refrigeration system, and. key learnings to date. FORMAL CITATION: Walker, C and Newling, G, 2008. The Rosebery Mine underground refrigeration project, in Proceedings Tenth Underground Operators’ Conference 2008, pp 255-262 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).
The first use of artificial cooling for underground mines goes back to 1860s when heat control was done by transporting blocks of ice underground in ore cars. However, the earliest use of vapour compression refrigeration was in 1921 to cool an underground mine at a depth of about 2400 m at the Morro Velho mine in Brazil (McPherson 2012).
The mining industry has experienced a dramatic change over the past 20 years in terms of methods and equipment as well as human resource policies. These changes have had impacts on the design of mine ventilation systems. Although feasible developments have been implemented to some extent, in some other areas ventilation planning still requires further improvements to provide a healthy work
silica content. The planned run-of-mine production rate is 120 kt/day. The project is in prefeasibility evaluation. This paper discusses features of the ventilation system design, which include multiple ventilation shafts with total flow of about 3000 mm³/s and both surface and underground refrigeration systems with more than 140 MW total
The vapour compression refrigeration cycle, currently the most widespread method of artificial cooling, appears to have first been used in mining during the 1920s. Examples included the famous Morro Velho Mine in Brazil (1923) and experimental work in British coal mines ( Hancock, 1926 ).
Small Mine Development builds and operates America’s underground mines. Our mission is to be the leader in safe, productive and innovative mining solutions. We specialize in underground, hardrock mining and look forward to advancing your project from exploration, through engineering, development, production mining, and, ultimately, closure.
silica content. The planned run-of-mine production rate is 120 kt/day. The project is in prefeasibility evaluation. This paper discusses features of the ventilation system design, which include multiple ventilation shafts with total flow of about 3000 mm³/s and both surface and underground refrigeration
underground refrigeration system, and. key learnings to date. FORMAL CITATION: Walker, C and Newling, G, 2008. The Rosebery Mine underground refrigeration project, in Proceedings Tenth Underground Operators’ Conference 2008, pp 255-262 (The Australasian Institute of Mining
Mar 01, 1988· Most refrigeration plants for cooling mines use cold water. This is becoming uneconomical as mines get deeper and pumping costs increase. This Paper proposes an air cycle refrigeration system for use in deep mines to provide underground refrigeration
Underground coal mining is by far the most important source of fugitive mine methane, and approximately 70% of all coal mining related emissions are from underground ventilation air.
Jan 01, 1984· Developments in the engineering of refrigeration installations for cooling mines J. van der Walt and E. M. de Kock Key words: mines, cooling, engineering Evolution dans la conception des installations frigorifiques pour le refroidissement des mines
Underground refrigeration and underground bulk air cooling proved to be the best option using a phase-in approach to match mine development scheduling. Once the refrigeration and cooling requirements were confirmed, an underground air refrigeration
The vapour compression refrigeration cycle, currently the most widespread method of artificial cooling, appears to have first been used in mining during the 1920s. Examples included the famous Morro Velho Mine in Brazil (1923) and experimental work in British coal mines
The mining industry has experienced a dramatic change over the past 20 years in terms of methods and equipment as well as human resource policies. These changes have had impacts on the design of mine ventilation systems. Although feasible developments
RESOLUTION COPPER MINE PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY REFRIGERATION AND VENTILATION STRATEGY BBE Report 7211 For Resolution Copper Mine Reference Chris Pascoe
Small Mine Development builds and operates America’s underground mines. Our mission is to be the leader in safe, productive and innovative mining solutions. We specialize in underground, hardrock mining and look forward to advancing your project from exploration, through engineering, development, production mining
KTI-Plersch explains the productivity gains of using ice instead of water as a means for cooling underground mines South African mines are some of the deepest in the world Underground Mining > Development
Mining Mining Underground mining: When any ore body lies a considerable distance below the surface, the amount of waste that has to be removed in order to uncover the ore through surface mining becomes prohibitive, and underground techniques must be considered. Counting against underground mining are the costs, which, for each ton of material mined, are much higher underground
Mar 01, 1988· Most refrigeration plants for cooling mines use cold water. This is becoming uneconomical as mines get deeper and pumping costs increase. This Paper proposes an air cycle refrigeration system for use in deep mines to provide underground refrigeration without the use of
underground refrigeration system, and. key learnings to date. FORMAL CITATION: Walker, C and Newling, G, 2008. The Rosebery Mine underground refrigeration project, in Proceedings Tenth Underground Operators’ Conference 2008, pp 255-262 (The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Melbourne).
A reverse Brayton cycle mine refrigeration system DL Millar 118 Underground Mining Technology 2017, Sudbury, Canada (a) (b) Figure 3 (a) Vapour compression (refrigeration blue) cycle; (b) Normal (power red) and reverse Brayton (refrigeration blue) cycle To make these components behave as a power cycle, sufficient heat must be provided in the HP HX (2 [-3 or
Jan 01, 1984· Developments in the engineering of refrigeration installations for cooling mines J. van der Walt and E. M. de Kock Key words: mines, cooling, engineering Evolution dans la conception des installations frigorifiques pour le refroidissement des mines Au cours des derni~res ann&es a &t~ sp~cialement raise en ~vidence la n~cessit~ de r~duire la consommation d'~lectricit~ pour le
Nixon, 1997). South Africa is by far the largest user of mine refrigeration, with over 300 refrigeration machines installed. This paper discusses the key design issues associated with the application of refrigeration in underground metal or coal mines. Whilst the emphasis is
North Goonyella’s underground operations consist of an operating longwall face and three development sections. The mine is ventilated through a conventional ventilation circuit, with access and conveyor drifts as the mine’s intakes. Two underground booster fans in
Underground refrigeration and underground bulk air cooling proved to be the best option using a phase-in approach to match mine development scheduling. Once the refrigeration and cooling requirements were confirmed, an underground air refrigeration plant and cooling spray chamber engineering design was initiated.
We offer a full spectrum of underground mine services from mine development to design and construction services, and contract mining expertise. Our teams are skilled in managing complex projects of all sizes, in many different regions and geological conditions.
The mining industry has experienced a dramatic change over the past 20 years in terms of methods and equipment as well as human resource policies. These changes have had impacts on the design of mine ventilation systems. Although feasible developments have been implemented to some extent, in some other areas ventilation planning still requires further improvements to provide a healthy work
Although the mine development phases are hugely important to the project feasibility, this paper concentrates more on the ventilation and refrigeration designs for the fully established life-of-mine scenarios. The planned production rate is 120 kton/day and the mining method will be an advance undercut panel cave
1 Ground control Rock bursts underground. 4.75 0.66 4.50 0.50 21.38 3 Ground control Loose rock at the face continues to kill and injure workers UG 4.25 0.97 4.63 0.48 19.68 4 Ground control Existing underground mines in Ontario are becoming deeper and incurring higher extraction ratios.
There are two principal phases of underground mining: development mining and production mining. Development mining is composed of excavation almost entirely in waste rock in order to gain access to the ore body. There are five steps in development mining: removing previously blasted material (muck out round), drilling the rock face, loading
Sandvik underground mining loaders and trucks are engineered for safety, productivity and reliability in the toughest applications. Rugged, compact and powerful, this equipment offers impressive capacity for their size, and a low cost per tonne.
We have extensive global underground mine engineering and operating experience across most major commodities and mining methods. Our innovative and rigorous methodology maximizes your projects’ economic benefits; by focusing on the deposit within the greater mining context, we help you select a suitable mining method and create a robust plan for your mine.
A reverse Brayton cycle mine refrigeration system DL Millar 118 Underground Mining Technology 2017, Sudbury, Canada (a) (b) Figure 3 (a) Vapour compression (refrigeration blue) cycle; (b) Normal (power red) and reverse Brayton (refrigeration
Although the mine development phases are hugely important to the project feasibility, this paper concentrates more on the ventilation and refrigeration designs for the fully established life-of-mine scenarios. The planned production rate is 120 kton/day and the mining
“Modern ice cooling systems enable to achieve acceptable work conditions underground and enhance safety with productivity gains and spectacular energy savings. “Heat and humidity are a constant issue and limiting factor in these underground mines
The mining industry has experienced a dramatic change over the past 20 years in terms of methods and equipment as well as human resource policies. These changes have had impacts on the design of mine ventilation systems. Although feasible developments
Underground Contract Mining The Byrnecut Group engages in mechanised underground mine feasibility, mine development and mine production. This includes shaft sinking, shotcreting, raise-drilling, the provision of high-quality equipment rebuilds, maintenance engineering, labour hire and training for the mining industry, plus mine
There are two principal phases of underground mining: development mining and production mining. Development mining is composed of excavation almost entirely in waste rock in order to gain access to the ore body. There are five steps in development mining
We have extensive global underground mine engineering and operating experience across most major commodities and mining methods. Our innovative and rigorous methodology maximizes your projects’ economic benefits; by focusing on the deposit within the greater mining context, we help you select a suitable mining method and create a robust plan for your mine.
9.28 Ventilation plans for underground mines 9.29 Monitoring of toxic, asphyxiant and explosive gases 3.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 3.1 Primary Ventilation The basis of effective ventilation of underground mines is the adequacy of the primary ventilation system, that is the total volume flow through the mine
Sandvik underground mining loaders and trucks are engineered for safety, productivity and reliability in the toughest applications. Rugged, compact and powerful, this equipment offers impressive capacity
1 Ground control Rock bursts underground. 4.75 0.66 4.50 0.50 21.38 3 Ground control Loose rock at the face continues to kill and injure workers UG 4.25 0.97 4.63 0.48 19.68 4 Ground control Existing underground mines
developments, including the emergence of compliance carbon markets. Overview of CMM Emissions in the U.S. The U.S. CMM emissions inventory consists of five different sub-source categories: • CH 4 released through underground mine ventilation fans (ventilation air CH 4 or VAM). • Gas drainage systems at underground coal mines
Nov 02, 2011· Lecture 4: Underground Mining 1. Hassan Z. Harraz [email protected] 2010- 2011 This material is intended for use in lectures, presentations and as handouts to students, and is
Mar 02, 2017· Chilling of water or production of ice at the surface for use in underground bulk air coolers can be an option, or so too can the installation of substantial refrigeration equipment underground as is the case in many South African mines. There are two main refrigeration systems that can provide the refrigeration
Heat damage in deep mines is severe and can lead to adverse health effects. The existing refrigeration schemes for the heading face in excavation roadways aim to cool the whole cooling region. However, the ratio of the area occupied by workers to that of the cooling region is quite small. A great quantity of energy for refrigeration
